Estonian military uniforms can be bought but not worn without authorization

People in Estonia can buy clothing and insignia matching the Defence Forces uniform description, but wearing them without authorization is prohibited, ERR reports.

The law bars people who are not serving in the Defence Forces and lack the relevant right from using a servicemember’s uniform or insignia. A uniform is defined by whether it matches the elements set out in a regulation by the defence minister. Examples available online include a beret sold by the Defence League store, as well as digital camouflage clothing such as shirts, vests and raincoats.

Illegally wearing a Defence Forces uniform is punishable as a misdemeanour. The Police and Border Guard Board may check in public whether someone is entitled to wear it, while the Defence Forces handle proceedings. The Defence Forces can launch a case if they receive information or suspect that someone wearing a uniform lacks authorization.

The law does not directly prohibit buying or selling these products, and sellers and manufacturers do not need a permit from the Defence Forces. However, uniforms issued by the Defence Forces are state property and may not be sold or transferred without authorization. The fact that a uniform was sold without a permit does not give the buyer the right to wear it in public.

In 2021, the Defence Ministry said civilian use of the uniform was prohibited because it is official clothing worn by servicemembers while carrying out their duties, including in combat. The ministry said it was important to prevent people in such clothing from being mistaken for servicemembers on duty, particularly during a crisis or unrest.